6 articles in “Glossary” Clear filter
What Is a Tsutatsu? Administrative Circulars
Explains tsutatsu administrative circulars in Japanese legal research, including how they differ from statutes, orders, standards, and guidance.
Kabushiki Kaisha vs Godo Kaisha: Corporate Forms
Explains K.K. and G.K. company forms under Japan's Companies Act, including shares, members, governance, incorporation, and when readers compare them.
Apply Mutatis Mutandis: Reading Junyo
Explains how 準用 works in Japanese statutes, including incorporated provisions, technical replacements, scope limits, and translation cautions.
Promulgation and Enforcement: When Laws Take Effect
Explains how to read promulgation dates, enforcement dates, supplementary provisions, amendment laws, and current text when researching Japanese statutes.
What Is a Proviso? Reading Tadashigaki
Explains how provisos work in Japanese statutes, including main clauses, exceptions, conditions, item lists, and careful English translation.
Types of Japanese Legislation: A Reference Guide
Quick-reference definitions of all major types of Japanese legislation, from Acts enacted by the National Diet to administrative circulars issued by ministries.