Japanese Legal System: Acts, Cabinet Orders, and Ordinances
How Japanese legislation works: the hierarchy from Acts to Cabinet Orders and Ministerial Ordinances, and what it means for reading a Japanese statute.
National Government Organization Act: Organs and Orders
Explains how the National Government Organization Act organizes ministries, commissions, agencies, internal bureaus, orders, and reports.
National Public Service Act: Duties and Discipline
Explains National Public Service Act rules on service discipline, secrecy, political acts, outside work, disciplinary action, and review routes.
Public Records Management Act: Files, Archives, and Use
Explains how the Public Records and Archives Management Act governs document creation, file registers, transfer, use, review, and oversight.
State Redress Act: Public Authority and Structures
Explains State Redress Act rules on public authority, public structures, reimbursement, Civil Code priority, and foreign victims.
Travel Expenses for Public Officers: Orders and Claims
Explains when national public employee travel expenses are paid, how travel orders work, and how claims, adjustments, and repayments are handled.
Types of Japanese Legislation: A Reference Guide
Quick-reference definitions of all major types of Japanese legislation, from Acts enacted by the National Diet to administrative circulars issued by ministries.